Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; RecyclingReturn

This article evaluates the efficiency of primary energy production in EU countries using Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis is based on aggregated macroeconomic and environmental data obtained from publicly available databases, with efficiency assessment explicitly accounting for carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions as an undesirable output. The empirical results indicate relatively high average efficiency levels across the observed period, with several countries consistently operating on the efficiency frontier. In the second stage, a censored Tobit model is employed to examine the role of the energy mix. The findings suggest that both renewable and nuclear energy shares are positively associated with efficiency, with nuclear energy showing a somewhat stronger and more robust effect.

They are available many modeling and decision making systems. Some of them are based on statistical methods like time series analysis. The general problem of these systems is that they cannot correctly react to the changes of modeled systems and their environment. This paper presents an approach based on the fuzzy expert system application, which is able to represent the expert knowledge about the modeled system behavior. This approach combines the statistical methods with expert knowledge and is able to give appropriate information about the system behavior and help with the decision making process. The presented paper describes general principles of this system and its application for waste production modeling as a part of the decision making of the company for waste treatment. This company is able to optimize its resources and warehouse stock management to minimize the production costs.